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Beta Glucan Studies and Research

Part 4 of 4

These beta glucan studies and information are intended to provide you with a balanced overview relating to your health and well-being. All articles and information are for general education purposes and not to sell specific products. This section does not constitute labeling, endorsements or advertisements for any particular products and should not be interpreted as recommending how to treat any particular diseases or health-related conditions

Radioprotective Effect of Oral Administration of Beta (1-3) glucan" Research Report, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 1989.

Rasmussen, LT, Konopski Z, Oian P, Seljelid R; "Killing of Escherichia coli by mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils stimulated in vitro with beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose derivatives," Microbiol Immunol 36(11):1173-1188. 1992. * Inst of Med Bio, U of Tromso, Norway.

Rasmussen, LT and Seljelid, R.: "Novel Immunomodulators With Pronounced In Vitro Effects Caused by Stimulation of Cytokine Release", Journal of Cellular Biochemistry; 46:60-68. 1991. * Inst of Med Bio, U of Tromso, Norway. Quote: "Beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose derivatives protect mice against otherwise lethal bacterial infections."

Rasmussen LT, Seljelid R, "Dynamics of blood components and peritoneal fluid during treatment of murine E. coli sepsis with beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose derivatives. I. Cells.," Scand J Immunol 32(4): 321-331. Oct 1990. *

Rasmussen LT, Seljelid R, "Dynamics of blood components and peritoneal fluid during treatment of murine E. coli sepsis with beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose derivatives. II. Interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4," Scand J Immunol 32(4): 333-340. Oct 1990. *

Rasmussen LT, Seljelid R, "The modulatory effect of lipoproteins on the release of interleukin 1 by human peritoneal macrophages stimulated with beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose derivatives." Apr 1989. *

Rasmussen LT, Seljelid R, "Production of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1 by mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with beta-1, 3-D-glucan derivatized plastic beads," Scand J Immunol 26(6): 731-736. Dec 1987. *

Rasmussen, LT, Fandrem. Jr., and Seljelid R., "Dynamics of Blood Components and Peritoneal Fluid During Treatment of Murine E. Coli Sepsis with beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose Derivatives"; Scand. J 63:73-80 Immunol. 1985.

Ray P.M.; "Cooperative action of beta-glucan synthetase..." Biochim Biophys Acta 629: 431-444. 1980.

Rios-Hernandez M., Dos-Santos N.J., Silvia-Cardosa, Belle-Garciga J.l., Peddrosa M., "Immunopharmacological studies of beta (1-3) glucan-1, 3-glucan", Arch. Med. Res. 25 (2): 179-180. 1994. *

Robertsen B., Engstad R.E., Jorgensen J.B.; "Beta (1-3) glucan-glucans as Immunostimulants in Fish". Modulators of Fish Immune Responses; V.1.; 1994.

Roemer T, et al; "Characterization of the yeast (1-->6)-beta-glucan biosynthetic components, Kre6p andSkn1p, and genetic interactions between the PKC1 pathway and the extracellular matrix assembly," J Cell Bio 127(2): 567-579. Oct 1994. *

Roemer T, Delaney S, Bussey H; "SKN1 and KRE6 define a pair of functional homologs encoding putative membrane proteins involved in beta-glucan synthesis," Mol Cell Biol 13(7): 4039-4048. Biol Dept, McGill U, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Jul 1993. *

Roemer T, Bussey H; "Yeast beta-glucan synthesis: KRE6 encodes a predicted type II membrane protein required for glucan synthesis in vitro and for glucan synthase activity in vitro," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 88(24): 11295-11299. Dec 1991.

Ross, G.D., Cain J.A., Myones B.L. et al; "Specificity of membrane complement receptor type three (CR3) for beta-glucans," Complement 4: 61-74. 1987.

Sandula J., Machova E., Hribalova V.; "Mitogenic activity of particulate yeast beta- (1-->3)-D-glucan and its water soluble derivatives," Int J Biol Macromol 17: 323-326. 1995. *

Sanjuan R., Zueco J, Stock R, Font De Mora J, Sentandreu R; "Identification of glucan-mannoprotein complexes in the cell wall of Candida albicans using a monoclonal antibody that reacts with a (1,6)-beta-glucan epitope," Microbiology, 141(Pt 7): 1545-1551; Dept de Microbiol, Facultat de Farmacia, U. de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain. Jul 1995.

Sarko, et al.; "Multiple-Helical Glucans". Biochem. Soc. Trans.; 11: 139-142. 1983.

Sarko, et al., "Antitumor Activity of Tetrahydro-2-furnal-antetrahydro-2-pyranyl-Glucans Obtained by Chemical Modification of (1,3)-beta D-Glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes IFO 13140 and its Lower Molecular Weight Glucans" Cancer Treat Rep. (1983) Rep. 67:275-280. 1983.

Sasaki, et al., "Dependence on Chain Length of Antitumor Activity of (1,3)-beta-D-Glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes IFO13140, and its Acid-degraded Products". Cancer Res; 38: 379-383. 1978.

Schimanski D.; "Cosmetic agent containing natural yeast cell contents," U.S. Patent 4540571; Issued Sep 10, 1985.

Schwarz, et al., "Isolation of a Clostridium thermocellum gene encoding a thermostable beta-1, 3-glucanase (laminarinase),"Chemical Abstracts, (1988); 108:217067k, Biotechnology letters; 10(4): 225-230. 1988.

Seljelid R, et al, "Evidence that tumor necrosis induced by aminated beta 1-3D polyglucose is mediated by a concerted action of local and systemic cytokines," Scand J Immuno 30(6): 687-694. Dec 1989. * Quote: "Aminated beta 1-3D polyglucose (AG) causes regression of Meth A sarcoma in syngeneic mice when injected systemically on day 7 after tumor inoculation. AG does not concentrate in the tumor, but distributes throughout the body. AG treatment causes release of large amounts of interleukin 1 (IL-1) both in vivo [in the body] and in macrophage cultures in vitro [out of body]."

Seljelid R, "Tumor regression after treatment with aminated beta 1-3D polyglucose is initiated by circulatory failure," Scand J Immunol 29(2): 181-192; Feb 1989. *

Seljelid R., ET AL., "The protective effect of beta 1-3D-glucan-derivatized plastic beads against Escherichia coli infection in mice," Scand J. Immuno 25(1): 55-60. Jan 1987. * Quote: "Pretreatment with beta-1, 3-D-glucan-derivatized plastic beads conferred strong protection against Escherichia coli infection in mice."

Seljelid R, "A water-soluble aminated beta 1-3D-glucan derivative causes regression of solid tumors in mice," Biosci Rep 6(9): 845-851. Sep 1986. * Quote: "When water-soluble aminated beta 1, 3-D-glucan (AG) was injected intravenously or intraperitoneally on day 7 of tumor growth, the tumors underwent complete regression."

Seljelid R., et al., "In vivo activation of mouse macrophages with beta-1, 3-D-glucan-derivatized plastic beads," Scand J Immunol 21(6): 601-605. Jun 1985. *

Seljelid R.,et al., "A Soluble beta-1, 3-Glucan Derivative Potentiates the Cytostatic and Cytolytic Capacity of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages in Vitro". Immunopharmacol; 7: 69-73. 1984. *

Shandula I., Kogan G., Masler L.; "Structure and various characteristics of yeast beta-D-glucans," Vopr Med Khim 36: 39-42. 1990.

Sherwood. ER, et al., "Soluble Glucan and Lymphokine-activated Killer (LAK) Cells in the Therapy of Experimental Hepatic Metastases," Chemical Abstracts; 108:179752V. 1988.

Sherwood. ER, et al., "Enhancement of Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-2 Production by Soluble Glucan," International Journal of Immunopharmacology.; 9:(3):261-267. 1987.

Shibata Y., "Enzymatic hydrolysis of glucans containing beta-1, 3-and beta-1, 6-linkages. 3. Gibberella beta-1, 6-glucan 6-glucanohydrolase operative in the selective hydrolysis of beta-1, 3-glucosidic linkages in Eisemia laminaran," J. Biochem (Tokyo) 75: 85-92. 1974.

Shiota M., Nakajima T., Satoh A., Shida M., Matsuda K.; "Comparison of beta-glucan structures in a cell wall mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the wild type," J Biochem (Tokyo) 98: 1301-1307. 1985.

Smedsrod B, Seljelid R, "Fate of intravenously injected aminated beta (1----3) polyglucose derivatized with 125I-tyraminyl cellobiose," Immunophar 21(3): 149-158. May 1991. *

Spiros J.; Method for immune system activation by administration of a beta (1-3) glucan which is produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain R4; U.S. Patent 5504079; 1996.

Spiros J.; Use of neutral soluble glucan preparations to stimulate platelet production; U.S. Patent 5488040; 1996.

Spiros J., Rha C., Sinskey AJ; "Glucan compositions and process for preparation thereof," U.S. Patent 4810646; Issued Mar 7, 1989.

Stashenko, et al., "Reduction of Infection-Stimulated Periapical Bone Resorption by the Biological Response Modifier PGG Glucan", J. Dent. Res.; 74(1): 323-330; 1995. * Dept of Cytokine Biology, Forsyth Dental Ctr, Boston, MA. Quote: "PGG glucan-treated animals had significantly less infection-stimulated periapical bone resorption than control animals..."

Steadman R., Petersen M.M., et al; "Differential augmentation by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha of neutrophil responses to particulate zymosan and glucan," J. Immunol 144: 2712-2718. 1990. *

Stewart, et al., "Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Glucan in Combination with Radiation and Chemotherapy in Four Murine Tumors", Cancer Treat. Prep.; 62: 1867-72. 1978.

Surarit R., Gopal P.K., Shephard M.G.; "Evidence for a glycosidic linkage between chitin and glucan in the cell wall of Candida albicans," J. Gen Microbiol 134: 1723-1730. 1988.

Suzuki T., Ohno N., Adachi Y., Yadomae T., "Serum components induce beta-D-glucan-inhibitable uptake of zymosan particles by murine peritoneal macrophages," Biol Pharm Bull: 16: 223-227. 1993. *

Suzuki T., Ohno N., et al, "Activation of the complement system by (1--3)-beta-D-glucans having different degrees of branching and different ultrastructures," J. Pharmacobiodyn 15: 277-285. 1992. *

Suzuki, Iwao, Tanaka, Hideki, Konoshita, Akira, Oikawa, Shozo, Osawa, Masumi and Yadomae. "Effects of Orally Administered beta-Glucan on Macrophage Function in Mice". Toshiro, Journal of Immunopharmac; vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 675-684. 1990.

Sveinbjornsson B, Seljelid R, "Aminated beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose activates salmon pronephros macrophages in vitro," Vet Immunol Immunopathos 41(1-2): 113-123. May 1994.

Szabo T., Kadish J.L., Czop J.K.; "Biochemical properties of the ligand-binding 20-kDa of the beta-glucan receptors on the human mononuclear phagocytes," J. Biol Chem 270: 2145-2151. 1995. *

Tanaka S., Aketagawa J., et al, "Inhibition of high molecular weight (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan-dependent activation of a limulus coagulation factor G by laminaran oligosaccharides and curdlan degradation products," Carbohydr Res 244: 115-127; 1993. *

Tanaka, Immunopharmac. and Immunotoxi.; 14:403-420. 1992. Tapper H., Sundler R.; "Glucan receptor and zymosan-induced lysosomal enzyme secretion in macrophages," Biochem J. 306: 829-835. 1995. *

Thompson I.M., Spence C.R. Lamn DL., Diluzio N.R., "Immunochemotherapy of bladder carcinoma with glucan and cyclophosphamide", Am. J. Med. Sci. 294 (5): 294-300. 1987. *

Thornqvist P.O., Hohansson M.W., Soderhall K.; "Opsonic activity of cell adhesion proteins and beta-1-3-glucan binding proteins from two crustaceans," Dev Comp Immunol 18: 3-12; 1994.

Thornton B.P., Vetvicka V., Pitman M., Goldman R.C., Ross G.D.; "Analysis of the sugar specificity and molecular location of the beta-glucan-binding lectin site of the complement receptor type 3 D11b/CD18)," J. Immunol 156: 1235-1246. 1996.

Tikhomirov, et al, "Endo-1, 4-beta-glucanases of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum st. No. 3 with high heat stability," Chemical Abstracts; 110:168879g.; 1989.

Todd, R.F.; "The Continuing Saga of Complement Receptor Type 3 (CR3)," J. Clin Invest.: Vol 98, 1-2. 1996. Div of Hematology/Oncology Dept of Int. Med, U of Michigan Med Ctr.* Quote: (p2) "In certain controlled clinical trials, the increased survival of patients receiving these immunostimulatoryBeta-glucans has been reported."

Tomos et al., "A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis" Biochem. J.; 174:283-290. 1978.

Tong, D.W., Barnetson R.S.; B-1, 3-D-glucan gel in the treatment of solar keratoses; Australasian J of Dermatology, 37: 137-138, 1996. * Dept of Dermat, Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Camperdown, Australia.

Truscheit E., Bierling R., Schlumberger H., Oettgen H.; "Process for the preparation of immunopotentiating agents from components of yeast cell wall material; " U.S. Patent 4138479; Issued Feb 6, 1979. *

Tsujinaka T., Yokota M.K.; Modification of septic processes by B-glucan administration. Eur Surg Res; 22:540-546, 1990. *

Tzianabos AO, Cisneros RL; "Prophylaxis with the immunomodulator PGG glucan enhances antibiotic efficacy in rats infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, "Ann NY Acad Sci 797: 285-287; Oct 1996. * Quote: "Results of these studies demonstrated that prophylaxis with PGG glucan in combination with antibiotics provided enhanced protection against lethal challenge with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus as compared with the use of antibiotics alone."

Uchida, A.; "Method for treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome, "U.S. Patent 5424300 (A method for the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome, comprising administering a polysaccharide which further contains a beta (1-3) glucan-1, 3/1, 6-glucoside bond). Issued June 13, 1995.

Van Der Vaart J.M., et al, and "The retention mechanism of cell wall proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wall-bound Cwp2p is beta-1, 6-glucosylated," Biochim Biophys Acta, 1291(3): 206-214. Dept Molecular Cell Biol, Utrecht U., The Netherlands. Dec 1996.

Van Der Vaart J.M., et al, "The beta-1,6-glucan containing side-chain of cell wall proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is bound to the glucan core of the GPI moiety," FEMS Microbiol Lett 145: 401-407. 1996.

Vargas-Albores F., Jimenez-Vega, Soderhall K.; "A plasma protein isolated from brown shrimp (Penaeus californiensis) which enhances the activation of prophenoloxidase system by beta-1, 3-glucan," Dev Comp Immunol 20: 299-306. 1996.

Vetvicka V., Thornton B.P., Ross G.D.; "Soluble Beta-glucan Polysaccharide Binding to the Lectin Site of Neutrophil or Natural Killer Cell Complement Receptor Type 3 (CD11b/CD18) Generates a Primed State of the Receptor Capable of Mediating Cytotoxicity of iC3b-Opsonized Target Cells," Journal Clin Invest 98: 50-61. 1996. Div of Experimental Immuno and Immunopath, Dept Path, U of Louisville, KY. * Quote: "This investigation showed that soluble CR3-specific polysaccharides such as beta-glucan induced a primed state of CR3 that could trigger killing of iC3b-target cells that were otherwise resistant to cytotoxicity."

Wessels J.G.; "A beta 1,6-glucan glucanohydrolase involved in hydrolysis of cell-wall glucan in Schizophyllum commune," Biochem Biophys Acta 178: 191-193. 1969.

Williams D.L. ,Mueller A., Mueller P., Swails W., et al., "Randomized phase I/II trial of a macrophage-specific immunomodulator (PGG-glucan) in high-risk surgical patients". Ann. Surg.; 220(5): 601-609. 1994.

Williams D.L., et al,"Development of a Water-Soluble, Sulfated (1.fwdarw.3)-beta-D-Glucan Biological Response Modifier Derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Carbohydrate Research. 247-257. 1992.

Williams D.L., et al, Development, Physicochemical Characterization and Preclinical Efficacy Evaluation of a Water Soluble Glucan Sulfate Derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Immunopharmacology; 22:139-156. 1991.

Williams D.L., Mcnamee R.B., Jones E.L., et al., "A method for the solubilization of a (1-2)-B-D-glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Carbohydr Res.; 219: 203-213. 1991.

Williams D.L., Browder I. and Diluzio N.R., "Soluble phosphorylated glucan: methods and compositions for wound healing," U.S. Patent 4975421, Issued Dec 4, 1990. Quote: "The soluble phosphorylated glucans are useful for promoting the wound healing process. The soluble phosphorylated glucans are also useful for prophylactic and therapeutic applications against neoplastic, bacteria, viral, fungal and parasitic diseases."

Williams D.L., Browder I. and Diluzio N.R., "Methods and compositions for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infections," U.S. Patent 4900722, Issued Feb 13, 1990. Quote: "The soluble phosphorylated glucans are also useful for stimulating macrophage cells, either in vivo or in vitro, to produce a cytotoxic/cyctostatic factor effective against cancer cells."

Williams D.L., Sherwood E.R., Browder I.W., McNamee R.B., Jones E.L., Di Luzio N.R.; Pre-clinical Safety Evaluation of Soluble Glucan. International Journal Immunopharmac. 1988; 10: 405-411. 1988.

Williams D.L., et al; "Pre-clinical Safety Evaluation of Soluble Glucan", Int. J. Immunophamac. Vol. 10, No. 4: 405-414. 1988. * Dept of Phys, Tulane U Sch of Med, New Orleans, LA. *Quote: "Soluble glucan, a beta-1, 3-linked glucopyranose biological response modifier, is effective in the therapy of experimental neoplasia, infectious diseases and immune suppression."

Williams D.L., et al; "Therapeutic efficacy of glucan in a murine model of hepatic metastatic disease," Hepatology 5(2): 198-206. Mar 1985. *Quote: "...coincubation of particulate glucan with diverse populations of normal or tumor cells in vitro indicated that glucan exerted a direct cytostatic effect on sarcoma and melanoma cells and, in contrast, had a proliferative effect on normal spleen and bone marrow cells."

Williams D., Browder IW and Diluzio N.R, "Immunotherapeutic modification of Escherichia coli-induced experimental peritonitis and bacteremia by glucan," Surgery 93(3): 448-454. Mar 1983. * Quote: "These data denote that the intraperitoneal administration of glucan significantly modifies the course of E. coli-induced peritonitis and bacteremia due, in part, to glucan-induced enhancement of macrophage function."

Williams D.L. and Diluzio N.R.; "Modification of Experimental Viral Hepatitis by Glucan Induced Macrophage Activation". In the Reticuloendothelial System and Pathogenesis of Liver Disease, Liehr and Grun, eds. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press; pp. 363-368. 1983.

Williams D.L. and Diluzio N.R.; "Glucan-Induced Modification of murine Viral Hepatitis". Science (1980), 208: 67-69. 1980. *Quote: "Thus glucan is capable of increasing survival, inhibiting hepatic necrosis, and maintaining an activated state of phagocytic activity in mice challenged with [mouse hepatitis virus strain] MHV-A59."

Williams D.L., et al; "Protective Effect of Glucan in Experimentally Induced Candidiasis". J. Reticuloendothel; Soc 23: 479-490. 1978.

Williams D.L, Diluzio NR, "Glucan induced modification of experimental Staphylococcus aureus infection in normal, leukemic and immunosuppressed mice." Adv Exp Med Biol 121(A): 291-306. 1979*

Williams D.L, Diluzio NR, , Reticuloendothelial System and Pathogenesis of Liver Disease; Liehr and Grun. eds. Solubilization of a (1-3_-B-D-glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Carbohydr. Res. 219: 203-213. 1991.

Wolk, M. and Danon, D.; "Promotion of Wound Healing by Yeast Glucan Evaluated on Single Animals"; Medical Biology; 63:73-80. 1985. *

Wooles and Diluzio N.R.; "The Phagocytic and Proliferative Responses of the Reticuloendothelial System Following Glucan Administration". J. Reticuloendothelial..; Soc. 1: 169-169. 1964.

Yoxhida M, et al, "Soluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan purified from Candida albicans: biologic effects and distribution in blood and organs of rabbits," J Lab Clin Med 128(1): 103-114. Jul 1996. *Dept of Lab Med, U of Cal Sch of Med, San Francisco, CA.

Yoshida H., Ochiai M., Ashida M.; "Beta-1, 3-glucan receptor and peptidoglycan receptor are present as separate entities within insect prophenoloxidase activating system," Biochem Biophys Res Commun 141: 1177-1184. 1986.

 

Beta Glucan Studies and Research - Part 1

Beta Glucan Studies and Research - Part 2

Beta Glucan Studies and Research - Part 3

Beta Glucan Studies and Research - Part 4

Which is the Best Beta Glucan? A Product Comparison
Why Transfer Point Beta Glucan is the Best
The Importance of Your Immune Response
Strengthening The Immune System
Important Flu Shot Information
What About Low Dose Beta Glucan?
Quotes From Scientific Research
Frequently Asked Questions

Technical Research
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