|
Beta
Glucan Cholesterol Research |
| Citation |
Abstract |
| Nicolosi R, Bell SJ,
Bistrian BR, Greenberg I, Forse RA,
Blackburn GL.
Plasma lipid changes after supplementation
with beta-glucan fiber from
yeast.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Aug;70(2):208-12. PMID: 10426696 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] |
BACKGROUND: Dietary
fiber has been shown to improve blood lipids. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of
this study was to evaluate the effect on serum lipids of a yeast-derived beta-glucan fiber in 15 free-living, obese,
hypercholesterolemic men. DESIGN: After a 3-wk
period in which subjects ate their usual diet, 15 g fiber/d was added to
the diet for 8 wk and then stopped for
4 wk. Plasma lipids were measured weekly during baseline
and at week 7 and 8 of fiber consumption, and again at week 12. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, fiber consumption
significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol
(by 8% at week 7 and 6% at week 8; P < 0.05 using Bonferroni correction);
week 12 values did not differ from baseline. No significant differences were noted between baseline LDL cholesterol
and values at weeks 7, 8, or 12 when comparing
individual groups by using Bonferroni correction, even though the overall one-way analysis of variance with repeated
measures was highly significant (P < 0.001). LDL-cholesterol concentrations did decline by 8% at week 8 compared with
baseline. There was a significant effect of
diet on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations
(P < 0.005 by one-way ANOVA with repeated measures). However, a group
difference was observed only between baseline and week 12 (16% increase; P
< 0.05 by Bonferroni correction).
Triacylglycerol concentrations did not change. CONCLUSIONS:
The yeast-derived beta-glucan fiber significantly lowered total cholesterol
concentrations and was well tolerated; HDL-cholesterol concentrations rose, but only 4 wk after the fiber was
stopped. |
| Brennan FX Jr, Fleshner M, Watkins LR, Maier SF.
Macrophage stimulation reduces the cholesterol levels of stressed and unstressed rats.
Life Sci. 1996;58(20):1771-6. PMID: 8637401 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] |
Male, Sprague-Dawley
rats were either treated with zymosan, a nonspecific macrophage
stimulator, or saline vehicle. Half of each group were then subjected to a
stress procedure, the other half remained in
their home cage. Results indicate that zymosan-treated
animals had lower levels of total, low-density / very-low-density, and high-density lipoprotein than vehicle
controls. Stressed animals had higher levels of the
cholesterol parameters than did home cage controls. Manipulation of
macrophage levels may be a prophylactic
manipulation to combat stress-induced increases in cholesterol.
|
| Bell S, Goldman VM, Bistrian BR, Arnold AH, Ostroff G, Forse RA.
Effect of beta-glucan from oats and yeast on serum lipids.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1999
Mar;39(2):189-202. Review.
PMID: 10198754 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] |
Heart disease is
the leading cause of death in the U.S. One way to reduce the risk of developing the disease is to lower serum
cholesterol levels by making dietary changes.
In addition to reducing intake of total fat, saturated fat, and dietary
cholesterol, serum cholesterol can be further
reduced by added fiber, especially from sources
rich in beta-glucan. In this review, two sources of beta-glucan are
described; one source is oats and the
other yeast. Their chemical structures and physical properties
are compared, and their effect on serum lipid levels is described. Oat
beta-glucans are found in various
breakfast cereals and snacks. Usually, several servings of
these products are required to meet the Food and Drug Administration's
claim of reducing the risk of heart
disease. The yeast-derived fiber is a more concentrated source
of beta-glucan than the oat product. It is currently being tested in a
wide variety of food products. |
| Glucan
Source: Fungal |
| Citation |
Abstract |
| Fukushima M, Ohashi T, Fujiwara Y, Sonoyama K, Nakano M.
Cholesterol-lowering effects of maitake (Grifola frondosa) fiber, shiitake (Lentinus
edodes) fiber, and enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) fiber in rats.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2001
Sep;226(8):758-65. PMID: 11520942 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
The effects of
mushroom fibers on serum cholesterol and hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA in rats were investigated. Rats were fed a
cholesterol-free
diet with 50 g/kg cellulose powder (CP), 50 g/kg maitake (Grifola frondosa)
fiber (MAF), 50 g/kg shiitake (Lentinus edodes) fiber (SF), or 50 g/kg enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) fiber (EF)
for 4 weeks. There were no significant differences
in the body weight, food intake, liver weight, cecum weight, and cecum pH among the groups. Cecal acetic acid, butyric
acid, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)
concentrations in the SF and EF groups were significantly higher than
those in the other groups. The serum
total cholesterol concentration in the CP group was significantly
higher than that in the MAF and EF groups. The very LDL (VLDL) + intermediate-density
lipoprotein (IDL) + LDL-cholesterol concentration in the CP group was
significantly higher than that in the MAF, SF, and EF groups, whereas the
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol
concentration in the EF group was significantly lower
than that in the other groups at the end of the 4-week feeding period. The
hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level in the EF
group was significantly higher than that in the
CP group. The fecal cholesterol excretion in the MAF, SF, and EF groups
was significantly higher than that in
the CP group. The results of this study demonstrate that
MAF and EF lowered the serum total cholesterol level by enhancement of
fecal cholesterol excretion, and in
particular, by enhancement of hepatic LDL receptor mRNA
in EF group. |
| Fukushima M, Nakano M, Morii Y, Ohashi T, Fujiwara Y, Sonoyama K.
Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA in rats is increased by dietary mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) fiber and sugar beet fiber.
J Nutr. 2000 Sep;130(9):2151-6. PMID: 10958806 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE]
|
Plasma cholesterol
concentration is reduced by feeding some dietary fibers and mushroom
fruit body, but the mechanism is not fully understood. We examined the effects of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) fiber
and sugar beet fiber on serum cholesterol
and hepatic LDL receptor mRNA in rats. Rats were fed a cholesterol-free diet with 50 g/kg cellulose powder (CP), 50
g/kg mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) fiber (MSF)
or 50 g/kg sugar beet fiber (BF) for 4 wk. There were no significant
differences in the body weight, food
intake and cecum weight among the groups. The relative liver weight
in the CP group was significantly greater than that in the MSF and BF
groups. The cecal pH in the CP and MSF
groups was significantly higher than that in the BF group.
Cecal acetic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the BF group were
significantly higher than those in the other groups.
The serum total cholesterol, VLDL + intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)
+ LDL cholesterol concentrations in the
CP group were significantly greater than those in
the MSF and BF groups. The HDL cholesterol concentration in the MSF group
was significantly lower than that in
the CP group. The hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level in the
MSF and BF groups was significantly higher than that in the CP group. The
results of this study demonstrate that
mushroom fiber and sugar beet fiber lowered the serum total
cholesterol level by enhancement of the hepatic LDL receptor mRNA. |
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